Al reactions for example hormone production, collagen synthesis (three) and immune potentiation (4-6). Naturally, an insufficiency of vitamin C results in serious injuries to many organs, specially to the heart and brain, considering the fact that they’re each highly aerobic organs that generate extra oxygen radicals. In fact, studies of in vivo effect on vitamin C are difficult considering the fact that most animals, except human and some primate, are capable of synthesizing vitamin C endogenously (7). Nevertheless, Gulo (-/-) mice have been recently developed by the L-gulono- -lactone oxidase (Gulo) gene deletion like human, hence they should be supplied with dietary vitamin C (eight). It already has been reported that vitamin C concentration was decreased by 1015 in plasma from the Gulo (-/-) mice without supplementation of vitamin C for 2 weeks (eight). We also reported that vitamin C level was remarkably decreased inside the most organs in the Gulo (-/-) mice with out supplementation of vitamin C for 3 weeks (9). Moreover, we discovered that numbers of T cell was decreased inside the spleen of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice (10). Despite the fact that it really is believed that vitamin C shows its anti-viral or anti-tumor effects by way of the up-regulation of theReceived on March five, 2013. Revised on March 18, 2013. Accepted on March 22, 2013. CC This really is an open access short article distributed beneath the terms of the Inventive Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, offered the original work is effectively cited. *Corresponding Authors. Jae Seung Kang, Laboratory of Anti-oxidant Immunology and Vitamin C, Division of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Tel: 82-2-740-8132; Fax: 82-2-741-8202; E-mail: [email protected] Wang Jae Lee, Laboratory of Anti-oxidant Immunology and Vitamin C, Division of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Tel: 82-2-740-8208; Fax: 82-2-745-9528; E-mail: [email protected] Keywords and phrases: Vitamin C, Anti-viral immune response, Influenza A virus, Gulo (-/-) mice Abbreviations: IFN, interferon; TNF, tumor necrosis aspect; IL, interleukin; Gulo, L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase; BAL, bronchoalveolar70 IMMUNE NETWORK Vol. 13, No. two: 70-74, April,Anti-viral Effects of Vitamin C Against Influenza A virus (H3N2) Infection Yejin Kim, et al.4-Bromobenzoic acid-d4 web Figure 1.Methyl 5-bromo-2-formylbenzoate site Raise of mortality of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice by the infection of influenza A virus.PMID:23849184 Twenty hemagglutination units (HAU) of influenza A virus (H3N2/ 1/68/HongKong) was intranasally inoculated into wild form (n=10), vitamin C-sufficient Gulo (-/-) mice (n=10) and vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice (n=10) was as described in Materials and Methods. After which the survival of mice was monitored for 7 days soon after virus inoculation. (A) Mice without H3N2 infection, (B) Mice with 20 HAU of H3N2 infection.Figure two. Enhance of influenza A virus replication within the lung of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice. To analyze the impact of vitamin C on the suppression of viral replication inside the lung, the lungs were excised from sacrificed mice (n=10 per every single group) and total RNA was purified from lung homogenate as described in Supplies and Methods. The virus replication within the presence or absence of vitamin C was determined genuine time RT-PCR by utilizing of distinct primers for influenza virus M2 gene and 2m.activity of natural killer (NK) cells and tumor specif.